INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY INTO NIGERIA’S NATIONAL GRID: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

Nigeria’s energy sector is undergoing a critical transformation amid growing electricity demand, persistent power shortages, and rising climate commitments. With a population exceeding 220 million and an electrification rate around 55%, the country faces an urgent imperative to expand energy access while transitioning to a cleaner and more resilient power system. Despite abundant renewable energy resources including solar, hydro, wind, and biomass renewables account for less than 10% of total electricity generation due to entrenched structural challenges. These include technical limitations, outdated grid infrastructure, frequent system collapses regulatory inconsistencies, financial barriers, and a shortage of skilled human capital. This paper critically examines the multifaceted constraints hindering renewable energy integration into Nigeria’s national grid and evaluates policy and technological interventions aimed at overcoming them. Key policy reforms, such as the Electricity Act 2023 and the Energy Transition Plan (ETP), signal a shift toward decentralized, low-carbon energy development. Additionally, technological advancements in smart grids, energy storage, and falling renewable costs create favorable conditions for accelerated deployment. The study highlights the importance of coordinated investments in grid modernization, regulatory clarity, capacity building, and innovative financing mechanisms to unlock Nigeria’s renewable energy potential. A strategic, multi-stakeholder approach will not only improve energy access and grid reliability but also catalyze economic growth, environmental sustainability, and energy resilience.